NIH Science Education Programs at Risk

Proposed Reorganization of STEM Programs Threatens Funding for Health and Biomedical Education

Click HERE for the photobook of programs that will be impacted by the proposed reorganization.

On April 10, 2013, the White House submitted a FY14 budget request to Congress that radically reorganizes federally-funded Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math education (STEM) programs across multiple agencies, particularly the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and NASA.  In the proposal, 266 programs across 13 agencies would be consolidated into 122 programs. The budget proposal identifies the National Science Foundation, the Department of Education, and the Smithsonian as the primary agencies to organize and oversee future federally-funded STEM education efforts.

The following day, NIH held a conference call for all NIH grantees with funding for K-12 and informal science and health education projects. Dr. Larry Tabak, principal deputy director at NIH, announced that NIH is “pausing” funding for these programs. No new grants will be awarded. Non-competing renewals will be funded in FY 2013, but funding after that is uncertain. While increased coordination of STEM education across federal agencies is a laudable goal, several consequences of the proposed changes have profound implications for health and biomedical education in the US.  In particular, the elimination of the Office of Science Education at the National Institutes of Health and the Science Education Partnership Award  (SEPA) and similar science education programs at individual NIH institutes would threaten our national competitiveness, security, public health, and broader understanding of, and support for, science.

The NIH Office of Science Education (OSE) is scheduled to close at the end of September, 2013.  The OSE has had a tremendous impact on health science education through its many programs.  For example, OSE staff have distributed 450,000 Curriculum Supplements to approximately 100,000 educators across the U.S.  Their website receives over one million hits/year. If you are interested in receiving hard copies of their popular Curriculum Supplement series, please contact them at oseATscience.education.nih.gov.

The journal Science, in Wild Cards Remain After Proposed Reshuffle of STEM Education (April 19, 2013; vol 340, p. 258-259), notes the following:

Many science educators say that the proposed cuts would scrap effective programs just as the country needs to be doing more.  ‘”The SEPA program is the face of the NIH to the country,” says a grantee on one of the programs facing the chopping block. “It’s a vehicle for telling the public how NIH is translating science into practice,” says the grantee, who requested anonymity (p. 258).

The Co-STEM Committee at the Office of Science and Technology Policy is scheduled to release a strategic plan in mid-May with additional information.

The following link provides the complete list of programs under consideration to be paused/consolidated/eliminated:

Proposed STEM Education Reorganization Contained in the President’s FY14 Budget Request
Note especially the following list relative to health and biomedical education:

• 30 Clinical Research Training Program HHS
• 31 Curriculum Supplement Series HHS
• 32 NIAID Science Education Awards HHS
• 33 NINDS Diversity Research Education Grants in Neuroscience HHS
• 34 NLM Institutional Grants for Research Training in Biomedical Informatics HHS
• 35 OD Science Education Partnership Award HHS (SEPA)
• 36 Office of Science Education K-12 Program HHS (NIH Office of Science Education)
• 37 Public Health Traineeship HHS
• 38 Science Education Drug Abuse Partnership Award HHS
• 39 Short Term Educational Experiences for Research (STEER) in the Environmental health Sciences for Undergraduates and High School Students HHS

The following are points raised by the SEPA community in response to this development:

The Need for Health and Biomedical Science Education Programs Aimed at Grades K–12 and the Broader Public at the NIH

Health and biomedical sciences for grades K-12 are critical components of STEM education that help to ensure the nation’s capability to prevent disease and improve health. The proposed 2014 STEM education consolidation plan, however, eliminates K-12 and informal health and biomedical science education from its traditional place in the portfolio of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and, by default, from the national STEM education agenda. No other federal agency supports programs comparable to those that would be lost.

More than 65 NIH-funded, K-12 health and biomedical science education projects currently operate in 40 states. These include “in-person” programs for more than 82,500 K-12 students and 5,750 K-12 teachers each year, and online programs that reach more than 20 million K-12 students and educators annually. NIH-funded exhibitions at some of the nation’s largest museums and science centers reach millions more students, teachers and families. With emphasis on engaging underserved populations, K-12 educational initiatives supported by NIH create thoroughly evaluated, science-rich interactive exhibits, curriculum materials, teacher professional development programs, student and teacher research experiences, and out-of-school learning opportunities. Ongoing NIH-funded K-12 educational programs benefit the nation in the following ways.

• Improve preparation for, and access to careers in medicine, healthcare, biotechnology and biomedical research, with a focus on students from under-represented groups.Address health disparities by increasing access to college and health professions careers for under-served students, who are more likely than their peers to practice in medically underserved areas.
• Build public understanding and support of biomedical research and clinical trials through educational programs that emphasize the relationship between NIH discoveries and their translation into positive health outcomes.
• Encourage and facilitate involvement of biomedical research scientists in K-12 STEM education, and engage the resources of colleges, universities, medical schools and science museums in supporting K-12 STEM education.
• Promote health literacy and better decision-making to address preventable health problems among America’s youth, reduce the burdens of chronic illnesses and infectious diseases, and enable consumers to make sense of genetic and other newly available health information.
• Increase students’ interest in STEM topics through personally relevant examples from health and biomedicine that are aligned with recommendations of the Next Generation Science Standards.

For more than two decades, NIH has invested in the development of human capital and a unique infrastructure that is meeting our nation’s K-12 health and biomedical science education needs. These investments have produced significant, demonstrable outcomes that would not have been possible otherwise. Current K-12 programs sponsored by NIH, including the Office of Science Education, employ rigorous, results-oriented and cost-effective approaches to tackle major national issues, as listed below.

• Jobs: Healthcare and biomedical science are crucial elements of the economy. The US Department of Commerce estimates that healthcare accounts for $1.75 trillion in revenues and employs more than 14 million people (nine percent of the US workforce).
• Provider Shortages: The nation faces an acute shortage of healthcare workers in all areas, and the problem is expected to grow. The American Association of Medical Colleges projects that there will be a shortage of more than 90,000 physicians—including 45,000 primary care physicians—by the end of the decade. About 55 million people already lack access to a physician.
• Wellness and Disease Prevention: According to the Milken Institute, more than half of all Americans suffer from one or more chronic diseases, many of which are preventable. Healthcare spending is projected to reach almost 20% of the US gross domestic product by 2021. Racial and ethnic minorities suffer disproportionately from diseases such as cancer, diabetes and HIV/AIDS, but participate less frequently in programs that could help to reduce disparities.

Without K-12 health and biomedical science education initiatives, our nation will be unable to solve many of its most pressing workforce, economic and healthcare problems.

Download points above as a PDF: NIH-K12
Sources: Fixing the Doctor Shortage (AAMC) - Health Economic Fact Sheet - The Health and Medical Technology Industry in the United States  - Next Generation Science Standards - Milken Institute Center for Health Economics

Fig. 1. Distribution of 2012 Science Education Partnership Awards by State.
Nearly every state will be impacted by these changes.

Taking action:

• Please contact members of:  The House Committee on Appropriations (Particularly members of the Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Subcommittee) with your concerns.
  This is especially important if you belong to a district which a member of the Committee represents.
•  Additionally, contact members of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology.

Additional Resources
Please contact us at jchowningATnwabr.org with suggestions and corrections

• NIH FY 2014 budget (http://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/pdfs/fy14/fy 2014_overview.pdf); funding for the SEPA program is specifically not included in the budget (see budget summary on page 35).
• The Office of Science Technology Policy (OSTP) issued Preparing a 21st Century Workforce: Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education in the 2013 Budget, which highlights changes in STEM education proposed in the presidential FY14 budget.
• OSTP 2-page overview of FY2014 science budget and goals
• GAO report to Congressional Requesters (January 2012)
  Strategic Planning Needed to Better Manage Overlapping Programs Across Multiple Agencies
• Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education, Chair: Rep. Todd Rokita (R-IN), “Raising the Bar: Reviewing STEM Education in America” (April 10, 2013)
• Government Strategy Needed to Better Manage Overlapping Programs, George Scott, Government Accountability Office (April 10. 2013)
• ED Week: Obama Budget Features New Plans for STEM, High Schools (April 12, 2013)
• AAAS’s news release about the budget proposal

Youth Ethics Summit: Science Saturday for Students

NWABR, University of Washington (UW) Department of Bioengineering, and UW Microfabrication Facility hosted 51 high school students (one made a special trip from Idaho) from 22 schools at the University of Washington on Saturday, March 2. Featuring laboratory tours, UW student showcase, liquid nitrogen ice cream, and breakout sessions on global health, artificial organs, computer science and nanotechnology, the day was full of hands-on activities and interactions with bioengineering students and professionals.

These are a few statements from our participants that demonstrate the impact of this day-long event:

“The demonstrations were the best, I thought, but the explanations taught me how everything ties together. The science is cool, the outfits were wacky and the whole thing was very well-done and enjoyable.”

“It showed me that I can incorporate my love for biology, genetics, and problem-solving into one field.”

“I loved [the Artificial Organs] breakout session. The need for bioengineering in the artificial organ area was not one that had previously occurred to me. I can see myself working in that field.”

“I am interested in medicine or sciences and this field works on technology and methods to improve health of people around the world.”

“I learned a lot and enjoyed every moment. It was highly interesting and involving. I am now more interested in bioengineering than I ever thought I’d be.”

2013 NWABR Programs Are Looking for Motivated High School Students

RESEARCH FELLOWS
2-week summer program (June 21-July 3)

NWABR proudly announces that the application for the 2013 Student Research Fellows is now available. Student Research Fellows supports 10-12 students (especially those from backgrounds traditionally underrepresented in science) in a 2-week paid summer fellowship. Students visit a broad variety of research institutions throughout the Seattle area, learn how new medical treatments are developed, and discuss ethical issues in biomedical research. Eligible students are those who will be high school sophomores or juniors in the 2013-2014 school year. Students will receive $350 upon completion of the summer program and $50 upon completion of the school year follow-up project. This program is funded by the National Institutes of Health.

YOUTH ETHICS SUMMIT: BIOENGINEERING (Saturday, March 2)

In addition, NWABR is now registering high school students for this year’s Youth Ethics Summit, which features a partnership with University of Washington’s Department of Bioengineering. Showcasing lab tours, hands-on activities, lunch, and interactive breakout sessions, the 2013 Youth Ethics Summit will be held at the William H Foege Building North at the University of Washington on Saturday, March 2. Space is limited to only 50 students, so please register early.

Please direct questions about the Students Research Fellows to Joan Griswold at jgriswold@nwabr.org.

Please email questions concerning the Youth Ethics Summit to Dr. Jenn Pang at jpang@nwabr.org.

Falling Off the “Fiscal Cliff”: As Funding Cuts Loom, Americans Are Willing to Pay for Biomedical Research

As pundits project and partisans dig in on Capitol Hill, Americans remain committed to investing in biomedical research, and are even willing to spend more of their tax dollars to advance science in their communities. According to a new national public opinion poll commissioned by Research!America:

• More than 50% say they would be willing to pay $1 more per week if the dollars would go to medical research – even in these tough fiscal times.
• More than three-quarters (78%) say that it is important that the U.S. work to improve health globally through research and innovation.
• Nearly 70% believe that the federal government should increase support for programs and policies that would increase the number of young Americans who pursue careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
• 68% say it’s important that the federal research and development tax credit is made permanent.

How might falling off the “fiscal cliff” affect biomedical research in Washington State? The biomedical research sector provides thousands of jobs in Washington: pharmaceutical (2,490); medical device (7,760); research, testing, and laboratories (15,088); and overall private sector (2,429,884).  Further reduction in NIH and NSF funding to biomedical research could affect this sector and reduce employment opportunities nation-wide, forcing job-seekers to relocate or potentially discourage students from pursuing scientific careers.

Current NIH funding has designated Seattle as the hub for comparative-effectiveness research in cancer. The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Group Health Research Institute, and the University of Washington School of Public Health are leading projects in cancer genomics, cancer diagnostics, breast imaging, and cancer screening. Results from these projects will provide vital information in diagnosis, treating, and communicating information about cancer to medical professionals, patients and their families, and health insurance companies. The threatened reduction in funding could impact these critical programs and may delay evaluations of testing and treatments for cancer patients. Without continued biomedical research funding in Washington—and across the U.S.—we compromise our ability to evaluate cancer diagnostic tools, screening tests, treatments, and a balanced assessment of cost and benefit.

Time is running out on Capitol Hill. While it’s absolutely necessary to reduce the deficit, more spending cuts that hinder medical progress are harmful to public health, the economy, and global innovation. The Northwest is a national leader in biomedical research and innovation, and our representatives can still save thousands of jobs, and $70 million in grant funding in Washington alone. Reach out to our lawmakers today—before they adjourn for the holiday—and count yourself among the majority of Americans who take action to preserve and advance biomedical research funding.

NWABR at 2012 National Science Teachers Association Conference

Join NWABR at the National Science Teachers Association Conference in Indianapolis this week!

NWABR and Science Education Partners at NSTA Seattle 2011

Come join Jeanne Chowning, NWABR Director of Education, and Joan Griswold, Curriculum Design Lead, at NSTA Indianapolis 2012! We will present several hands-on lessons from our popular high school curriculum units.  These resources are designed to introduce teachers and students to cutting-edge science topics and to provide educators with structured frameworks for discussing related ethical issues.  Click on the links below to view our curricular materials on our website!

Sessions include:

The Science and Ethics of Animal Research
Thursday, March 29, 8am-9am
JW Marriott, Grand Ballroom 4

Integrating Bioinformatics into Introductory Biology Courses
Thursday, March 29, 2pm-3pm
JW Marriott, Grand Ballroom 4

Stem Cells: Science and Ethics
Friday, March 30
12:30pm-1:30pm
Indiana Convention Center, 204

We hope to see you there!

Support for NWABR’s curriculum development is provided by a Science Education Partnership Award from the National Center for Research Resources and the Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives of the National Institutes of Health through Grant Number R25OD011138 and by an Innovative Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers award from the National Science Foundation, DRL 0833779.

Student Bio Expo seeks creative and curious minds…

… with scientific savvy to judge unique projects on May 24th! Judge registration is now open. Please check out the Expo Judge page for more information (http://nwabr.org/community/student-bio-expo/judges). We not only invite members of the community with a science background, but also those who are creative and have a curious mind.

We have 13 categories that need judges (Art, Career and Industry, Drama and Dance, Lab Research, Molecular Modeling, Music, Multimedia, Teaching, Website Design, Creative Writing, Journalism, SeaVuria (formerly Global Health), and SMART Teams (advanced molecular modeling)), so there’s something for everyone. Join us for a unique science fair experience!!!

Feel free to contact Jenn Pang (jpang@nwabr.org) for more information.  See you there!!!

Congratulations Jeanne Chowning on 10 wonderful years!

Our own Jeanne Chowning has been with us now ten, wonderful years. The words in this graphic are those Jeanne’s peers and coworkers have used to describe her, and her work in their notes and letters of appreciation!

Biology in the Age of Computing: Online Resources for Teachers and Students

As part of NWABR’s ongoing commitment to inspiring students in science, we are excited to announce an upcoming webinar featuring NWABR program staff and partner scientists. The webinar is geared towards teachers and students, as well as formal and informal educators and will be archived for future viewing. We hope to see you online!

Wednesday, February 8th from 11:00am to 12:00pm PST
If you’d like to register for the event, click here.

Join us as we share curricula, online resources, teacher experiences and research findings from Bio-ITEST: New Frontiers in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, a program funded by the National Science Foundation that brings the exciting field of bioinformatics to high school teachers and students. Bioinformatics is the application of computer science and information technology to the field of biology and medicine. With a strong emphasis on increasing student awareness of STEM careers, each Bio-ITEST lesson features an individual who uses bioinformatics in their work, or whose work is made possible by bioinformatics. The presentation will include an overview of curricular units, including introductory lessons on genetic testing and advanced lessons on genetic research, as well as an exploration of the online resources. Presenters will share lessons learned about increasing student STEM career awareness and engagement in the context of the Bio-ITEST project.

Biology in the Age of Computing: Online Resources for High School Teachers and Students is presented in partnership with the National Girls Collaborative Project and EdLab Group.

The National Girls Collaborative Project is partially funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation, GSE/EXT: National Girls Collaborative Project: Building the Capacity of STEM Practitioners to Develop a Diverse Workforce, Grant No.HRD-1103073. The Bio-ITEST program is made possible by an Innovative Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers grant award from the National Science Foundation, DRL-0833779.

NWABR Middle School Essay Contest is back!

NWABR is pleased to continue our popular middle school essay contest, “Biomedical Breakthroughs and My Life” through funding from the Knossos Foundation.  This contest is open to 7th and 8th grade students (individuals or entire classes) in Washington, Oregon, Montana and Idaho.

Students have the opportunity to explore the process of biomedical research and its relevance to themselves, their family or their pets.  They may choose topics that allow them to investigate the development of medications that they are taking, the medical device implants received by relatives, or the shots given to their pets.  They must include evidence of how the use of animals or humans in clinical trials have advanced research and medical treatments.

Students will strengthen their writing, research and interviewing skills while discovering the role of scientists in biomedical research that really does impact their lives.  In addition to the essay, students must include a reflective paragraph about what they have learned.

Every student will receive comments about their essay from the researchers serving as judges.  Winning students in the general category and English as a Second Language category will receive a cash prize and be invited to an Awards Day at a research facility.  Teachers and parents of winning students are also invited to the Awards Day to meet scientists and engage in tours and hands-on activities.

Contest Timeline:

December 9, 2011     Register intent to participate with NWABR
March 9, 2012            Submit essays
April 13, 2012             Winners announced
May 2012                     Awards Day events

NWABR can provide resources and speakers from our Speakers Bureau to engage the students in the project.
For more information, visit NWABR’s website, http://nwabr.org/students/essay-contest, or contact Reitha Weeks at rweeks@nwbr.org or 206-957-3337 x305.

Join us for Life Sciences Research Weekend — Nov 4 – 6

Experience science at its finest – hands-on, exploratory, and just plain fun!

NWABR and Pacific Science Center invite you to the 5th annual

Nov. 4-6 – Friday through Sunday at Pacific Science Center

Friday 10am-4pm, and Saturday and Sunday 10am-5pm.

Life sciences companies and research institutions from around the state will host interactive exhibits that reflect the cutting edge research that is taking place in our state.

If you want to meet scientists that have great passion for the work they do, plan to attend! Life Science Research Weekend events are included with regular Pacific Science Center admission.

For more information, visit http://www.nwabr.org/community/life-sciences-research-weekend

This program is made possible by a SEPA grant to Pacific Science Center from NCRR at National Institutes of Health.

Share this:

We are hoping that our students will come away with a better understanding of how drugs and treatments are developed, an appreciation of the value of research for health, and with opportunity to learn about the broad range of career possibilities in biomedical research-related fields. It is very important to us that our students learn how ethics intersects with biomedical research, especially in how research is conducted. They learn about ethical guidelines for research and how those guidelines have been developed. By meeting and interacting with individuals who care for animals needed for research, or who conduct clinical trials of new vaccines, they not only put a human face on research, but they perhaps take one step closer to imagining themselves conducting research.

– Jeanne Ting Chowning, NWABR Director of Education

Student Research Fellows in the Media

News media, NWABR members, and social media have taken note of our Summer Student Research Fellows in recent days. Below are a series of Twitter updates linking to blog posts and articles — read all about it!

cool! RT @nwabr: Students meet researchers and tour labs at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center with NWABR pnw.cc/5vWsH—
Miller Lab (@millerlab) July 05, 2011

Great program for future researchers @WSUSpokane – Students learn about biomedical research bit.ly/lMiOpy #wsu #gocougs—
WSU News (@WSUNews) July 05, 2011

We've blogged our Student Research Fellows East bit.ly/pprwQe & for more see bit.ly/lMiOpy thanks! @WSUNews—
NWABR tweets (@nwabr) July 05, 2011

+1 RT @millerlab: cool! RT @nwabr: Students meet researchers and tour labs at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Ctr pnw.cc/5vWsH—
Adrienne Roehrich (@fiainros) July 05, 2011

Thanks everyone! Connect with us on Twitter @NWABR and click here for much more information about NWABR Student Research Fellows.

Science and the Human Heart

This video features three recent NWABR events: Youth Ethics Summit 2011, hosted at the University of Washington Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, then Life Sciences Research Weekend 2010, where hundreds of biomedical researchers met thousands of students, children, and families at Pacific Science Center, and finally Student Bio Expo 2011, where high school students presented art and science projects in categories ranging from music to molecular modeling to global health.

These educational programs and more are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Science Foundation (NSF), our members, and contributors like you. Donate to support science outreach and education at http://nwabr.org.

Woodinville High School Rocks NWABR Student Bio Expo

Sylvia Law of Woodinville High School created this brilliant video at our May 24 Student Bio Expo.

Check out the video and below that, photos of Woodinville HS at the Expo. We have many more Expo photos to share, so come back for more!

Congratulations to everyone who participated in the 2011 Student Bio Expo! Photographs by Mohini Patel Glanz.

Photos from our 2011 Bio-ITEST Teacher Reunion at ISB

We recently enjoyed a reunion of teachers participating in our Bioinformatics, “Bio-ITEST” program — short for Innovative Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). more about Bio-ITEST

The three-year NSF grant provides funding for education outreach programs that help secondary school teachers and their students learn about how information technology is used in biological research. Major collaborators include Digital World Biology, EdLab Group, and Shoreline Community College.

Teachers Said about Bio-ITEST at NWABR

“At the end of this course, I feel like I could create my own lesson if I needed to.”

“This was an excellent professional development opportunity!  It brought an emerging field of life science to my classroom that was not there before.  I look forward to using this material for many years to come!”

“I enjoyed learning how to use the technology tools Cn3D, Jalview, and FinchTV. The Socratic seminar was excellent also and I now have an effective way to teach students about STEM careers.”

“Having specific activities in the curriculum that asked them to use Cn3D was much better than a simple demonstration of the program. The students really liked using Cn3D … A lot of my kids also downloaded it at home. They’d come in early to school.”

“To be honest, I didn’t even know what bioinformatics was when I signed up for the class, yet was able to implement the curriculum and teach my students the material the first time I tried it.”

Professional Development in Systems Biology

The reunion was generously hosted by the Institute for Systems Biology (an NWABR member) in the South Lake Union neighborhood of Seattle, at the global headquarters they opened just this month, May 2011. Below photos of everyone at the reunion are a few photos of ISB’s new headquarters and neighborhood.

ISB also provided professional development for teachers with Education Program Coordinator Claudia Ludwig, using their systems biology module, Environmental Impacts on Gene Networks. All teachers who attended received the Environmental Impacts on Gene Networks kit to use in their classroom!

We began with a reception and discussion of teachers’ experiences with the Bio-ITEST program:

Then, Education Program Coordinator Claudia Ludwig presented ISB’s systems biology module, Environmental Impacts on Gene Networks:

and teachers received the Environmental Impacts on Gene Networks kit to use in their classroom!

The new ISB global headquarters are beautiful, of course. Here are a few snaps of  ISB and the neighborhood:

Brian Glanz from NWABR, reflected in a hallway at ISB.

Not ISB -- Across the street from ISB in the South Lake Union neighborhood of Seattle

ISB lab coats hang inside a window, and Seattle rain keeps outdoor table tennis interesting.

The Bio-ITEST program at NWABR is made possible by an Innovative Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers grant award from the National Science Foundation, DRL-0833779. 

Jeanne Chowning Presents an NSTA Webinar on Teaching About Stem Cells

Today at 3:30 pm PST, 6:30 pm EST, Jeanne Chowning presents a webinar on teaching “The Science and Ethics of Stem Cell Research” at the high school level.

Click here for more information and to register for the webinar.

This seminar will explore the science behind stem cells as well as ethical implications of embryonic stem cell research. Teachers will be provided with an overview of the popular resource on stem cell science and ethics geared towards secondary science classrooms, developed by NWABR.

The unit begins with a laboratory examination of planaria as a model organism for understanding stem cell biology. It provides engaging activities that highlight early embryonic development and compare and contrast different types of stem cells. Additional activities focus on the bioethical dimensions of stem cell research, including the variety of positions held by different stakeholders in the stem cell debate.

A Socratic Seminar allows students to discuss the role of public funding for stem cell research. The culminating assessment provides an opportunity for students to either prepare a letter to the President’s Bioethics Commission or propose a grant to fund research for a specific disease or disorder.

Click here to download a copy of the PowerPoint presentation for the webinar.

Jeanne Ting Chowning, MS is Director of Education at NWABR. The text of this blog post is based on the webinar description published at the page this link points to, by The NSTA Learning Center.

Today is our 11th Student Bio Expo!

The Northwest Association for Biomedical Research announces our 11th Student Bio Expo, the culminating event of a year-long science education outreach program. The Expo engages over 300 area high school students from 22 schools in real-world applications of new frontiers in biology and builds connections between students, teachers, and scientists!

Our agenda in brief:
— 9:00-11:45 Student Presentations/Judging
— 12:30-1:00 Special Performances
— 1:00-2:00 Awards Ceremony

Clic here to download an Expo program or here to go to our Expo web site for directions and more or here to download our full press release for Student Bio Expo 2011.

Our Student Bio Expo provides the Seattle area with one of its few competitive high school science fairs. However, the Expo is not your usual science fair! It differs from regular fairs in two main ways. 1) Students develop projects with the assistance of a mentor scientist over the course of the school year. 2) Students can enter life-science themed projects in categories as diverse as art, music, drama, writing, and traditional scientific research. By applying their own talents to their projects, students are motivated to see the connection between science and their own lives and interests.

This year, we are excited to introduce a new Global Health collaboration with students in Kenya. The SEAVURIA (sea-vuh-REE-uh) project pairs students in the rural area of Vuria, Kenya with Seattle-area students and scientists. International teams of students collaborate on global health related research while being mentored by scientists from the Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle University, and the University of Washington. Students in Kenya present their findings at the Kenyan Science Congress, while Seattle students present at the Student Bio Expo.

Youth Ethics Summit 2011 :: Stem Cells :: Science and Ethics

On April 9, 2011 the Youth Ethics Summit brought together students from across the Puget Sound region to learn about topics related to ethics, medicine, and biomedical research that are of special relevance to young people.

Presented by NWABR and UW’s Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), this year’s summit focused on stem cells and featured tours, panels, and breakout discussions. The Summit provided an opportunity for students from different schools to meet and to participate in discussions and presentations about ethics in science issues.

Students Say

Students who experienced the Summit said:

• I learned just how much control we have/might have soon. Knowing where to draw the line isn’t easy, and it’s something we all need to discuss and understand in order to make wise choices as individuals and as a society.
• We were able to express our own ideas and see what other people thought about them … the discussions we had in our breakout groups were very thought-provoking … listening to different view points on things helped me learn a lot more about them.
• The tours gave me insight on what real life stem cell research would be like and how it would be to work in a lab in the future.
• It was absolutely amazing going into three different labs focusing on the application of stem cells, the stem cells themselves, and the use of robots in research. The groups were small, we had the opportunity to look at both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells through microscopes, and the researchers were all extremely informative.
• In the laboratories we toured, I saw myself in the scientist gown, handling the different machines.
• It was a wonderful learning experience that I would recommend anyone who is interested in bioethics … I loved the chance to meet similar-minded teens in the Seattle-area and talk about this fascinating topic.

Stem Cells 101

We began with a brief presentation of “Stem Cells 101″ by Professor Tony Blau, MD, Director of the Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine.

“If you took a drop of blood from my finger, put it on a glass slide, smeared it and stained it and looked at it under the microscope, you’d see different types of cells, including what?” Blau asked. Hands shot up, and Blau took three fast answers, one each from three students: white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets. “And they would look obviously different from each other,” Blau continued, describing what each looks like under a microscope, “but they all come from the same mother cell, a stem cell.”

Dr. Tony Blau, Professor of Medicine, Hematology, Adjunct Professor of Genome Sciences, and Co-Director, Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine

In each of us, we might have a trillion cells in our blood, but we have about 10,000 blood-generating stem cells. “Where are these stem cells?” Blau asked and another student answered: in the bone marrow.

The professor next defined leukemia (cancer of the blood or bone marrow) and one life-saving treatment for it, dependent on stem cells and developed “next door” at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. Stem cell transplantation with bone-marrow-derived stem cells was led by Dr. E. Donnall Thomas, whose work was recognized in 1990 with a Nobel Prize.

Dr. Blau explained the basics of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, of regenerative medicine as studied at the ISCRM, and he introduced what we would see for ourselves, next — in tours of several research labs on campus at UW South Lake Union.

Tour One: Tony Blau Lab – cancer biology and stem cells

There are about 500 researchers at UW South Lake Union. Neighbors include the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle Childrens’ Research Institute, Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Novo Nordisk, PATH, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, et al.

Upstairs at his lab’s front door, Dr. Blau pointed out a few notable neighbors in biomedical research in Seattle’s South Lake Union neighborhood.

Researchers Tony Blau, Chris Miller, and Kyle Rattray of the Blau Lab

Researchers Kyle Rattray and Kathy Davidson at the Blau Lab

Tour Two: Mike Laflamme Lab – cardiovascular research

Professor Laflamme’s lab researches cardiac applications for human embryonic stem cells, including repair and regeneration of ventricular, atrial, and other cells from embryonic stem cells.

Professor Mike Laflamme, Pathology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington

Researcher Jay Gantz, UW Bioengineering

Tour Three: Tim Martins, Co-Director of the Quellos High Throughput Screening Core - screening molecules for drug development

Dr. Tim Martins, Co-Director welcomes us to the Quellos High Throughput Screening Core, full of the robotics and automation which have vastly improved biomedical research with improved speeds for identifying therapeutic drug candidates.

Dr. Martins was asked about making mistakes in experiments. He replied "I make mistakes, but I'm not afraid to make mistakes," while explaining failure rate in research and the importance of confidence.

Dr. Tim Martins with ready answers on our tour

Robots! at the Quellos High Throughput Screening Core

Hands-on with Planaria and Play-dough

After our tours and lunch, we enjoyed hands-on activities with planaria and Play-dough — to model human embryonic development.

Dr. Reitha Weeks, PhD, Program Manager for Science Outreach at NWABR introduces planaria

Planaria are “the regeneration experts” explains Reitha Weeks of NWABR — if you separate one worm into 279 pieces, they grow into 279 worms!  Planaria also serve as model organisms for understanding human stem cells.

NWABR offers resources for teaching about biomedical research and ethics, including our popular Stem Cell unit with “Plenty of Planaria” to model stem cell function, development, and the complexity of tissue regeneration.

The curriculum is geared towards high school students and available for download free of charge.

Microscope, camera, and monitor loaned to us by Leica Microsystems, Inc. Thank you!

Next up, modeling early embryo development — with play-dough!

Play-dough Egg and Sperm

Jeanne Chowning, MS, Director of Education at NWABR leads the activity

Students in Dawn Tessandore's AP Biology class

Breakout Groups: Ethical Issues in Stem Cells

After the above activities, we broke out into groups to discuss ethical issues more closely. A few of the groups were photographed, as below. Group leaders and subjects included:

• TONY BLAU, MD – Stem Cell Treatments: Considering the risks and benefits of testing stem cell treatments in humans.
• DAVID EMERY, PhD – Embryonic Stem Cells: How far should we go in seeing if they can grow into embryos?
• ERICA JONLIN, PhD – Savior Siblings: “My Sister’s Keeper” – what if you were a genetic “designer baby” created to save your sick sister?
• KATHY DAVIDSON, PhD – Embryos and Research – Creation and Donation: Should researchers be allowed to encourage couples to donate embryos?
• KYLE RATTRAY, MD/PhD Program – Social Justice: Disease Research and Stem Cells: What diseases should be prioritized in stem cell research?
• CHRIS MILLER, PhD – Knowing Your Future: What Can Your DNA Tell You? How much do we want to know about the relative risks of what potentially lies ahead for us?

TONY BLAU, MD -- Stem Cell Treatments: Considering the risks and benefits of testing stem cell treatments in humans

KATHY DAVIDSON, PhD -- Embryos and Research - Creation and Donation: Should researchers be allowed to encourage couples to donate embryos?

KYLE RATTRAY, MD/PhD Program -- Social Justice: Disease Research and Stem Cells: What diseases should be prioritized in stem cell research?

Youth Ethics Summit 2011 was blogged by Brian Glanz for NWABR

Photography by Mohini Patel Glanz.

Youth Ethics Summit 2011 was presented by:

and

This program was supported by a Collaborations to Understand Research and Ethics (CURE), 1R25RR0251131, a Science Education Partnership Award from the National Center for Research Resources. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Center for Research Resources or the National Institutes of Health.

High School Science Cafés

On February 18, 2011, Project Lead the Way students in Dr. Jeff Shaver’s Principles of Biomedical Science class at Cleveland High School organized and executed the inaugural Café for 50 students and 9 teachers.

Download a full press release on the new Cleveland High School Science Café (PDF).

Click for more information about NWABR-sponsored junior science cafés

You can also click the collage on the right for a larger version, sized for a laptop desktop background image.

Henrietta Lacks: Ethics at the Intersection of Health Care and Biomedical Science

Dr. Ruth Faden

The 2011 Charles W. Bodemer Lecture was given by Dr. Ruth Faden, PhD, MPH, of the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics. Several NWABR staff attended and offer this account of the lecture, “Henrietta Lacks: Ethics at the Intersection of Health Care and Biomedical Science.”

Dr. Faden lectured in three segments:

1. Relating the experience of Mrs. Henrietta Lacks and her children as chronicled in The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot. Faden is friends with Skloot, as she disclosed. Included in this segment: how HeLa cells came to be.
2. Ethical considerations of consent and compensation raised by the story.
3. Examination of the story through a social justice lens.

Note: We’ve bolded ethical questions below, for emphasis.

1. About Henrietta Lacks

A poor black woman, undereducated and living in Baltimore in the 1940s, Lacks had been living with her husband, Day (David) and her 5 children while hiding a great deal of abdominal pain. Finally in 1950 she asked Day to bring her to Johns Hopkins Hospital, the only regional hospital where African Americans could receive treatment. Diagnosed with cervical cancer in February 1951, she received cervical radiation, which was the gold standard treatment of the day, under general anesthesia.

Ongoing research at Johns Hopkins by two doctors played a large part in the story: Dr. Richard TeLinde, head of gynecology and a cervical cancer expert, was researching whether different types of cervical cancer were interrelated. Dr. George Gey, head of tissue culture, had been trying for decades to grow an immortal cell line which could be used as a standard research tool. In their respective research pursuits, both Dr. TeLinde and Dr. Gey routinely used tissue samples which had been removed from patients who came to Hopkins for treatment. Henrietta Lacks was one of these patients.

Faden points out that the cervical tissue samples were not part of Mrs. Lacks cancer treatment and that in keeping with the practices of the time, Mrs. Lacks was never asked for permission. Dr. Gey was offered some of the tissue to contribute to efforts to grow the first human cells outside of the body (called tissue culture).

After just 3 weeks of trying to grow Mrs. Lacks’ cells in culture, it was clear to Dr. Gey that these cells would be the very first immortal human cells. In keeping with his system of using the first two letters of a patient’s first and last name, Dr. Gey labeled the cells “HeLa.”

Since that time these cells have made remarkable contributions to medicine including development of the polio, smallpox, and HPV vaccines, and cancer treatments, and over 80,000 medical publications. On October 4, 1951 Henrietta died without ever knowing the breakthroughs she helped provide.

Mrs. Lacks’ children and husband didn’t know that her cells were taken, bought, sold, and used — until 20 years later when her actual name was made public, without notifying her family, in the 1970’s.

Click here to view a slideshow from Skloot’s website, with photos from Lacks’ life.

Neither Johns Hopkins nor the doctors profited directly. In fact, Dr. Gey gave the cells internationally to anyone who wanted them. That isn’t to say that they did not benefit in recognition and professional reputation.

Other people have made money on HeLa cells. You can purchase them today from cell culture companies. The Lacks family never received compensation for the commercialization of HeLa cells. The family has remained poor and to this day has inconsistent health care insurance.

2. Ethical considerations still relevant today

Tissue donation is not hypothetical or a thing of the past. Anytime someone has an “opsy”—as in biopsy—or an “ectomy”—as in tonsillectomy, tissue is being removed from their body. What happens to that tissue once it has served its medical purpose of diagnosis or treatment? It can be discarded as medical waste or it can be used for research.

Creation of biobanks or biorepositories — see our previous blog posts from the event, “Do You Know Where Your DNA Is?” on biobanks — from huge sets of human tissue samples, is creating great expectations of what scientists will be able to accomplish toward predicting, preventing, and personalizing medical breakthroughs. Breakthrough hopefuls include diagnostic tests and individualized treatments for chronic disease like diabetes and heart disease.

Should patient consent be obtained for research purposes if 1) once utilized for medical purposes, the tissue would be sent to medical waste anyway? if 2) extra tissue is taken solely for research purposes, as in the case of Mrs. Lacks?

Should patients re-consent every time their tissue is used for a different study? How can patients with tissues in biobanks consent to future research that has not yet been conceived?

Should people be compensated if anyone benefits from marketable products derived from the human body? How should people be informed about discoveries resulting from the use of their tissues?

Dr. Faden quickly moved to her passion — how to examine these ethical questions through the lens of social justice.

3. Social Justice is an important lens through which to examine the ethics of science

The Twin Aims Theory of social justice is 1) “improvement of human well being” and 2) “combating densely woven patterns that compromise multiple core elements of well being.” Faden listed the core components of well being and what she calls the Essential Elements of Well Being:

1. Personal security
2. Reasoning capacities with which to think about the world
3. Respect of others as moral agents
4. Health
5. Affection and attachment
6. Self-determination (the ability to exert some control over the path of one’s own life, free from the tyranny of other people or conditions)

Dr. Faden next introduced ‘counterfactuals’ otherwise known as “What If” statements:

What if 1) the Lacks family had received compensation? What if 2) Mrs. Lacks was an affluent white person with great health insurance? Would the story still raise questions about social justice? Dr. Faden argues YES.

Of course monetary compensation would have made a difference for the Lacks family; however, it would have done little to adjust for the systemic injustices of being poor and black. (Note from Faden: Cases where someone’s body is a source of commercial value are extremely rare. More often, medical discovery is the result of hundreds of thousands of specimens and data.)

If Henrietta Lacks had been white and wealthy, Faden feels that the systematic injustice of being “disrespected by biomedical research” likely would not have been different. Mrs. Lacks’ family was in the dark; in keeping with the practice at the time, Dr. Gey and Johns Hopkins did not tell them anything about the HeLa cells for twenty years (if you read the book, you’ll note that they only told her family because they accidently learned about it from a young Hopkins researcher who happened to be a distant cousin and was using the cells in his research. He put two and two together and realized the connection when he was visiting his family).

And this is what Faden means by lack of respect. Deborah, one of the Lacks children who is featured in the story, describes her worry about her mother’s cells and her inability to learn about what happened to the cells—and by association to her mother. This worry and insecurity is what causes disconnect, disrespect, and ultimately injustice.

Dr. Ruth Faden wrapped up her presentation with what may have been the most interesting examination — The Collective Action Problem of the current profit model that drives scientific discovery. Also called the Reciprocity Model, it acknowledges that even though I may not directly benefit my contribution and you may not directly benefit your contribution, our communal contributions may benefit each other.

Without communal action toward a common goal, the goal will not be realized. Advancing medical progress faces this problem. In medical research and biorepositories in particular there is need for a critical mass of people to donate tissue, blood, and health data. Not just any people—all people from all ethnic and racial backgrounds. Without access to many samples there will not be benefit for anyone. This was her call to public participation, the 4th “P” of P4 Medicine, as coined by Seattle’s Leroy Hood of the Institute for Systems Biology.

Do you want to participate in research? Sign up as a volunteer with ResearchMatch.org, an anonymous volunteer matching service funded by the National Center for Research Resources, part of the National Institutes of Health. Explore opportunities to donate blood and tissue for research. Participate in public dialogue about medical research and ethics.

Faden envisions a society in the near future without the expectation of monetary compensation for research participation, because we understand that medical progress will benefit everyone. Do you?

Charles W. Bodemer

Who was Charles Bodemer and why have an annual lecture series?

Bodemer was the founder of the University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Bioethics & Humanities, serving as chair from 1967 to 1985.

Bodemer “had a distinguished career as a research scientist before dedicating his energies to his other love: the history of medicine.”

For more, please see http://depts.washington.edu/bhdept/conedu/Bodemer.html.